[ ÀÌÀü ] [ Â÷·Ê ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ ´ÙÀ½ ]


APT HOWTO
6 - ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ ¾ò±â


¼³Ä¡°¡ °¡´ÉÇϰųª ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¾î¶² ÆÐŰÁö°¡ ¾î´À ¼½¼Ç¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ´ÂÁö ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ¼³¸íÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö µî¿¡ °üÇØ¼­ ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ½±°Ô ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ APT ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÇÁ·ÐÆ®¿£µå ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ µéÀÌ´Ù.

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¼ø¼öÇÑ APT¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¼³Ä¡ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ÆÐŰÁöÀÇ À̸§À» ¾î¶»°Ô ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ³ª 

That's what this chapter intends to answer. Let's check out our options.


6.1 ÆÐŰÁö À̸§ ã¾Æ³»±â

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Atari 2600¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °æ¿ì¿¡ Atari ¿¡¹Ä·¹ÀÌÅ͸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ°í ¸î°³ÀÇ °ÔÀÓÀ» ´Ù¿î·Îµå ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:

     $ aptitude search atari
     p   atari-fdisk-cross               - Partition editor for Atari (running on no
     p   atari800                        - Atari emulator for X/curses/SDL
     p   console-keymaps-atari           - Keymaps for Atari keyboards.

We find several packages related to what we're looking for, together with brief descriptions. The p letter at the begining of the line is similar to the notation used inside the curses UI aptitude uses. It means, thus, that the package is not installed. Important to notice that aptitude only searches package names by default. You can use all the search options provided by aptitude, which you can discover by reading the aptitude's User Manual. To search the descriptions, for example, you could use:

     $ aptitude search ~datari 
     p   aranym                          - Atari Running on Any Machine
     p   atari-fdisk-cross               - Partition editor for Atari (running on no
     p   atari800                        - Atari emulator for X/curses/SDL
     p   circuslinux                     - The clowns are trying to pop balloons to
     p   circuslinux-data                - Data files for circuslinux
     p   console-keymaps-atari           - Keymaps for Atari keyboards.
     [...]
     p   stella                          - Atari 2600 Emulator for SDL & X windows
     [...]

Now, that returned many more packages, as we can see. Now that we found a list of possible solutions to our problem, let's go deeper into them:

     $ aptitude show stella
     Package: atari-fdisk-cross
     Version: 0.7.1-5
     Priority: extra
     Section: otherosfs
     Maintainer: Roman Hodek <roman@hodek.net$gt;
     Uncompressed Size: 106k
     Description: Partition editor for Atari (running on non-Atari)
      Atari-fdisk allows you to create and edit the partition table of a disk
      partitioned in Atari format. It supports both the AHDI 5.0 and ICD variations
      of the Atari format. It is an interactive tool with a menu similar to PC
      fdisk, and also supports most options of PC fdisk.

ÀÌ °á°ú¿¡¼­ º¸¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ¼³Ä¡ÇϰíÀÚ Çϰųª ¼³Ä¡ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÆÐŰÁöÀÇ ¼³¸í°ú ÇÔ²² ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ³ª¿ÍÀÖ´Ù. ÆÐŰÁö°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í »õ·Î¿î ¹öÁ¯À̶ó¸é ¹«µç ¹öÁ¯¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é:

     $ apt-cache show muine
     Package: muine
     Version: 0.5.0-1
     Priority: optional
     Section: gnome
     Maintainer: Link Dupont <link@subpop.net>
     Depends: gstreamer-gconf (>= 0.6.4), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.4.1), libbonobo2-0 (>= 2.4.3), libc6 (>= 2.3.2.ds1-4), libflac4, libgconf2-4 (>= 2.4.0.1), libgdbm3, libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.2.3), libgnomevfs2-0 (>= 2.4.1), libgnomevfs2-common (>= 2.4.1), libgstreamer0.6-0 (>= 0.6.1-2), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.2.1), libid3tag0 (>= 0.15.0b), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), liborbit2 (>= 1:2.8.0), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.2.1), libvorbis0a (>= 1.0.1), libvorbisfile3 (>= 1.0.1), libxml2 (>= 2.6.7), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.1), gconf2 (>= 2.4.0), mono-jit (>= 0.30) | cli-virtual-machine, gtk-sharp (>= 0.17), gconf-sharp (>= 0.17), gnome-sharp (>= 0.17)
     Architecture: i386
     Filename: ./pool/main/m/muine/muine_0.5.0-1_i386.deb
     Size: 164314
     Installed-Size: 692
     MD5sum: 9885f13e5ef4f76b3bf6fe7bb3ea8634
     Description: Simple music player
      Muine is an innovative music player. It has a simple interface designed to
      allow the user to easily construct playlists from albums and/or single songs.
      Its goal is to be simply a music player, not to become a robust music
      management application.
      
     Package: muine
     Priority: optional
     Section: gnome
     Installed-Size: 492
     Maintainer: Link Dupont <link@subpop.net>
     Architecture: i386
     Version: 0.4.0-8
     Depends: gstreamer-gconf (>= 0.6.4), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.4.1), libbonobo2-0 (>= 2.4.3), libc6 (>= 2.3.2.ds1-4), libflac4, libgconf2-4 (>= 2.4.0.1), libgdbm3, libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.2.3), libgnomevfs2-0 (>= 2.4.1), libgnomevfs2-common (>= 2.4.1), libgstreamer0.6-0 (>= 0.6.1-2), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.2.1), libid3tag0 (>= 0.15.0b), libogg0 (>= 1.1.0), liborbit2 (>= 1:2.8.0), libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.2.1), libvorbis0a (>= 1.0.1), libvorbisfile3 (>= 1.0.1), libxml2 (>= 2.6.6), zlib1g (>= 1:1.2.1), gconf2 (>= 2.4.0), mono-jit (>= 0.30) | cli-virtual-machine, gtk-sharp (>= 0.16), gconf-sharp (>= 0.16), gnome-sharp (>= 0.16)
     Filename: pool/main/m/muine/muine_0.4.0-8_i386.deb
     Size: 139864
     MD5sum: e746709ad6a6fcc1e9c46b46b3d6e5b2
     Description: Simple music player
      Muine is an innovative music player. It has a simple interface designed to
      allow the user to easily construct playlists from albums and/or single songs.
      Its goal is to be simply a music player, not to become a robust music
      management application.

ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ ¾ò±â

     # apt-cache showpkg penguin-command
     Package: penguin-command
     Versions: 
     1.4.5-1(/var/lib/apt/lists/download.sourceforge.net_debian_dists_unstable_main_binary-i386_Packages)(/var/lib/dpkg/status)
     
     Reverse Depends: 
     Dependencies: 
     1.4.5-1 - libc6 (2 2.2.1-2) libpng2 (0 (null)) libsdl-mixer1.1 (2 1.1.0) libsdl1.1 (0 (null)) zlib1g (2 1:1.1.3) 
     Provides: 
     1.4.5-1 - 
     Reverse Provides:

ÆÐŰÁö°¡ ¾î¶² ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϰí ÀÖ´ÂÁö ãÀ¸·Á¸é:

     [root]@[/] # apt-cache depends penguin-command
     penguin-command
       Depends: libc6
       Depends: libpng2
       Depends: libsdl-mixer1.1
       Depends: libsdl1.1
       Depends: zlib1g

¿ä¾àÇÏ¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿øÇÏ´Â ÆÐŰÁö À̸§À» ã´Âµ¥ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹üÀ§ÀÇ µµ±¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.


6.2 Using dpkg to find package names

ÆÐŰÁö À̸§À» Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÁßÀÇ ÇѰ¡Áö´Â ÆÐŰÁö³»¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÈ Áß¿äÇÑ ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ À̸§À» ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÄÄÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ".h" ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ ã±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½À» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù:

     [root]@[/] # dpkg -S stdio.h
     libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h
     libc6-dev: /usr/include/bits/stdio.h
     perl: /usr/lib/perl/5.6.0/CORE/nostdio.h

or:

     [root]@[/] # dpkg -S /usr/include/stdio.h
     libc6-dev: /usr/include/stdio.h

Notice that this method only works to find package names of packages that are installed in your system. You'll have to use auto-apt (see "on demand" ÆÐŰÁö ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, 7.1) or apt-file (see ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ ÆÐŰÁö ã±â, 6.3) to search for files on packages which are not installed. You can also take a look at the http://packages.debian.org/ website. To list the names of packages installed on your system, which is useful, for example, if you plan to clean up your hard drive, you can run:

     [root]@[/] # dpkg -l | grep mozilla
     ii  mozilla-browse 0.8-0.1        Mozilla Web Browser

ÀÌ ¸í·ÉÀÇ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ÆÐŰÁö À̸§ÀÌ "À߸± ¼ö" ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ ÆÐŰÁöÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ À̸§Àº mozilla-browserÀÌ´Ù. À̸¦ ¼öÁ¤Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ COLUMNS ȯ°æº¯¼ö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù:

     [kov]@[couve] $ COLUMNS=132 dpkg -l | grep mozilla
     ii  mozilla-browser             0.9.6-7                     Mozilla Web Browser - core and browser

6.3 ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ ÆÐŰÁö ã±â

ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇϰíÀÚ Çϰí apt-cache·Î ã±â°¡ ¾ÈµÇ´Â °æ¿ì ´ÜÁö ÆÄÀÏ À̸§¸¸ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì°Å³ª ÆÐŰÁö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ À̸§¸¸À» ¾Æ´Â °æ¿ì¶ó¸é apt-file´Â ÆÐŰÁö À̸§À» ¸»ÇØÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °¥ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

     $ apt-file search filename

ÀÌ´Â dpkg -S ó·³ µÇÁö¸¸ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÆÐŰÁöµµ º¸¿©Áشٰí ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ½Ã¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â Áö¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸´Âµ¥ ÀÌ¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ auto-aptÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ ³ªÀº ±â´ÉÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº "on demand" ÆÐŰÁö ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, 7.1¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.

´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇÏ¿© ÆÐŰÁöÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù:

     $ apt-file list packagename

apt-fileÀº ¸ðµç ÆÐŰÁö°¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Â DB¿¡ °è¼Ó À¯ÁöÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â auto-apt°¡ ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú ºñ½ÁÇϰí ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù:

     # apt-file update

±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î, apt-file´Â auto-apt°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ DB¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº "on demand" ÆÐŰÁö ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý, 7.1¸¦ ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.


6.4 ÆÐŰÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸ ¾ò±â

There are lots of web resources with informations about the packages available in the Debian distribution, most of them directed mainly towards Debian Developers, but many of them may be useful for users, too.

The Debian Packages Pages lets you search for packages that are available on the various architectures Debian supports and, also, search for the contents of all the Debian packages. There are information regarding dependencies and other relationships with packages. There are also links to download the source package and the binary package for all architectures. You can use a shortcut like http://packages.debian.org/packagename to have quick access links to a package.

The Package Tracking System provides information about what happened to the package recently, what are the TODO itens, from a Debian maintainers point of view, provides a summary of bugs reported and some more very useful information. One of the nice things about the Package Tracking System is that it lets you "subscribe" to a package to follow all the emails that the maintainer usually receives about the package. This way you can follow the development of packages that are crucial for your work or play. The http://packages.qa.debian.org/packagename shortcut works here, as well.

Finally, the Bug Tracking System provides information about known bugs in the packages distributed by Debian. This may be useful for you to find out why something does not work the way you expected and even find solutions or work-arounds through the bug logs. Also, read these pages and its documentation to be able to fill good bug reports for Debian. The http://bugs.debian.org/packagename shortcut also works here, as expected, but the BTS (Bug Tracking System) also accepts other very useful shortcuts like, for example, http://bugs.debian.org/src:packagename to show all bug reports on all binary packages provided by a given source package.


[ ÀÌÀü ] [ Â÷·Ê ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ ´ÙÀ½ ]


APT HOWTO

2.0.2 - October 2006

Gustavo Noronha Silva kov@debian.org
Çѱ¹¾î ¹ø¿ª: ¾çÀ¯¼º yooseong@debian.org