Chapter 15. Orchestra Opcodes and Operators
- Table of Contents
- != -- Determines if one value is not equal to another.
- #define -- Defines a macro.
- #include -- Includes an external file for processing.
- #undef -- Un-defines a macro.
- $NAME -- Calls a defined macro.
- % -- Modulus operator.
- && -- Logical AND operator.
- > -- Determines if one value is greater than another.
- >= -- Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.
- < -- Determines if one value is less than another.
- <= -- Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.
- * -- Multiplication operator.
- + -- Addition operator
- - -- Subtraction operator.
- / -- Division operator.
- = -- Performs a simple assignment.
- == -- Compares two values for equality.
- ˆ -- "Power of" operator.
- || -- Logical OR operator.
- 0dbfs -- Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.
- a -- Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.
- abetarand -- Deprecated.
- abexprnd -- Deprecated.
- abs -- Returns an absolute value.
- acauchy -- Deprecated.
- active -- Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.
- adsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
- adsyn -- Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.
- adsynt -- Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.
- aexprand -- Deprecated.
- aftouch -- Get the current after-touch value for this channel.
- agauss -- Deprecated.
- agogobel -- Deprecated.
- alinrand -- Deprecated.
- alpass -- Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
- ampdb -- Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.
- ampdbfs -- Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x, which is relative to full scale amplitude.
- ampmidi -- Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.
- apcauchy -- Deprecated.
- apoisson -- Deprecated.
- apow -- Deprecated.
- areson -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
- aresonk -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
- atone -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
- atonek -- A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
- atonex -- Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
- atrirand -- Deprecated.
- aunirand -- Deprecated.
- aweibull -- Deprecated.
- babo -- A physical model reverberator.
- balance -- Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
- bamboo -- Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.
- bbcutm -- Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.
- bbcuts -- Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.
- betarand -- Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- bexprnd -- Exponential distribution random number generator.
- biquad -- A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.
- biquada -- A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.
- birnd -- Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.
- bqrez -- A second-order multi-mode filter.
- butbp -- Same as the butterbp opcode.
- butbr -- Same as the butterbr opcode.
- buthp -- Same as the butterhp opcode.
- butlp -- Same as the butterlp opcode.
- butterbp -- A band-pass Butterworth filter.
- butterbr -- A band-reject Butterworth filter.
- butterhp -- A high-pass Butterworth filter.
- butterlp -- A low-pass Butterworth filter.
- button -- Sense on-screen controls.
- buzz -- Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.
- cabasa -- Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.
- cauchy -- Cauchy distribution random number generator.
- cent -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
- cggoto -- Conditionally transfer control on every pass.
- chanctrl -- Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.
- checkbox -- Sense on-screen controls.
- cigoto -- Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.
- ckgoto -- Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.
- clear -- Zeroes a list of audio signals.
- clfilt -- Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.
- clip -- Clips a signal to a predefined limit.
- clock -- Deprecated.
- clockoff -- Stops one of a number of internal clocks.
- clockon -- Starts one of a number of internal clocks.
- cngoto -- Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.
- comb -- Reverberates an input signal with a "colored" frequency response.
- control -- Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
- convle -- Same as the convolve opcode.
- convolve -- Convolves a signal and an impulse response.
- cos -- Performs a cosine function.
- cosh -- Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.
- cosinv -- Performs a arccosine function.
- cps2pch -- Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second for equal divisions of the octave.
- cpsmidi -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.
- cpsmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second.
- cpsoct -- Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.
- cpspch -- Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.
- cpstmid -- Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).
- cpstun -- Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
- cpstuni -- Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.
- cpsxpch -- Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.
- cpuprc -- Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.
- cross2 -- Cross synthesis using FFT's.
- crunch -- Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.
- ctrl14 -- Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrl21 -- Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrl7 -- Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- ctrlinit -- Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.
- cuserrnd -- Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
- dam -- A dynamic compressor/expander.
- db -- Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.
- dbamp -- Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.
- dbfsamp -- Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.
- dcblock -- A DC blocking filter.
- dconv -- A direct convolution opcode.
- delay -- Delays an input signal by some time interval.
- delay1 -- Delays an input signal by one sample.
- delayr -- Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.
- delayw -- Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.
- deltap -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
- deltap3 -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.
- deltapi -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.
- deltapn -- Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
- deltapx -- Read to or write from a delay line with interpolation.
- deltapxw -- Mixes the input signal to a delay line.
- diff -- Modify a signal by differentiation.
- diskin -- Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.
- dispfft -- Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.
- display -- Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.
- distort1 -- Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.
- divz -- Safely divides two numbers.
- downsamp -- Modify a signal by down-sampling.
- dripwater -- Semi-physical model of a water drop.
- dumpk -- Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.
- dumpk2 -- Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- dumpk3 -- Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- dumpk4 -- Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
- duserrnd -- Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
- else -- Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.
- elseif -- Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.
- endif -- Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.
- endin -- Ends the current instrument block.
- endop -- Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.
- envlpx -- Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.
- envlpxr -- The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.
- event -- Generates a score event from an instrument.
- exp -- Returns e raised to the x-th power.
- expon -- Trace an exponential curve between specified points.
- exprand -- Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- expseg -- Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.
- expsega -- An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.
- expsegr -- Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.
- filelen -- Returns the length of a sound file.
- filenchnls -- Returns the number of channels in a sound file.
- filepeak -- Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.
- filesr -- Returns the sample rate of a sound file.
- filter2 -- Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.
- fin -- Read signals from a file at a-rate.
- fini -- Read signals from a file at i-rate.
- fink -- Read signals from a file at k-rate.
- fiopen -- Opens a file in a specific mode.
- flanger -- A user controlled flanger.
- flashtxt -- Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders
- FLbox -- A FLTK widget that displays text inside of a box.
- FLbutBank -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a bank of buttons.
- FLbutton -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button.
- FLcolor -- A FLTK opcode that sets the primary colors.
- FLcolor2 -- A FLTK opcode that sets the secondary (selection) color.
- FLcount -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a counter.
- FLgetsnap -- Retrieves a previously stored FLTK snapshot.
- FLgroup -- A FLTK container opcode that groups child widgets.
- FLgroupEnd -- Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
- FLhide -- Hides the target FLTK widget.
- FLjoy -- A FLTK opcode that acts like a joystick.
- FLkeyb -- Experimental, no documentation exists. May be deprecated in future versions.
- FLknob -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a knob.
- FLlabel -- A FLTK opcode that modifies the appearance of a text label.
- FLloadsnap -- Loads all snapshots into the memory bank of the current orchestra.
- FLpack -- Provides the functionality of compressing and aligning FLTK widgets.
- FLpackEnd -- Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
- FLpanel -- Creates a window that contains FLTK widgets.
- FLpanelEnd -- Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
- FLprintk -- A FLTK opcode that prints a k-rate value at specified intervals.
- FLprintk2 -- A FLTK opcode that prints a new value every time a control-rate variable changes.
- FLroller -- A FLTK widget that creates a transversal knob.
- FLrun -- Starts the FLTK widget thread.
- FLsavesnap -- Saves all snapshots currently created into a file.
- FLscroll -- A FLTK opcode that adds scroll bars to an area.
- FLscrollEnd -- A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
- FLsetAlign -- Sets the text alignment of a label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetBox -- Sets the appearance of a box surrounding a FLTK widget.
- FLsetColor -- Sets the primary color of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetColor2 -- Sets the secondary (or selection) color of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetFont -- Sets the font type of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetPosition -- Sets the position of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetSize -- Resizes a FLTK widget.
- FLsetsnap -- Stores the current status of all FLTK valuators into a snapshot location.
- FLsetText -- Sets the label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextColor -- Sets the color of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextSize -- Sets the size of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetTextType -- Sets some font attributes of the text label of a FLTK widget.
- FLsetVal_i -- Sets the value of a FLTK valuator to a number provided by the user.
- FLsetVal -- Sets the value of a FLTK valuator at control-rate.
- FLshow -- Restores the visibility of a previously hidden FLTK widget.
- FLslidBnk -- A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders.
- FLslider -- Puts a slider into the corresponding FLTK container.
- FLtabs -- Creates a tabbed FLTK interface.
- FLtabsEnd -- Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
- FLtext -- A FLTK widget opcode that creates a textbox.
- FLupdate -- Same as the FLrun opcode.
- FLvalue -- Shows the current value of a FLTK valuator.
- fmb3 -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.
- fmbell -- Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
- fmmetal -- Uses FM synthesis to create a "Heavy Metal" sound.
- fmpercfl -- Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.
- fmrhode -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.
- fmvoice -- FM Singing Voice Synthesis
- fmwurlie -- Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.
- fof -- Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.
- fof2 -- Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.
- fog -- Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table
- fold -- Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.
- follow -- Envelope follower unit generator.
- follow2 -- Another controllable envelope extractor.
- foscil -- A basic frequency modulated oscillator.
- foscili -- Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.
- fout -- Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.
- fouti -- Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
- foutir -- Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
- foutk -- Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
- fprintks -- Similar to printks but prints to a file.
- fprints -- Similar to prints but prints to a file.
- frac -- Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.
- ftchnls -- Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.
- ftgen -- Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.
- ftlen -- Returns the size of a stored function table.
- ftload -- Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
- ftloadk -- Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
- ftlptim -- Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.
- ftmorf -- Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.
- ftsave -- Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
- ftsavek -- Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
- ftsr -- Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.
- gain -- Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.
- gauss -- Gaussian distribution random number generator.
- gbuzz -- Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.
- gogobel -- Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.
- goto -- Transfer control on every pass.
- grain -- Generates granular synthesis textures.
- grain2 -- Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.
- grain3 -- Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.
- granule -- A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.
- guiro -- Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.
- harmon -- Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.
- hilbert -- A Hilbert transformer.
- hrtfer -- Creates 3D audio for two speakers.
- hsboscil -- An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.
- i -- Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument.
- ibetarand -- Deprecated.
- ibexprnd -- Deprecated.
- icauchy -- Deprecated.
- ictrl14 -- Deprecated.
- ictrl21 -- Deprecated.
- ictrl7 -- Deprecated.
- iexprand -- Deprecated.
- if -- Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.
- igauss -- Deprecated.
- igoto -- Transfer control during the i-time pass.
- ihold -- Creates a held note.
- ilinrand -- Deprecated.
- imidic14 -- Deprecated.
- imidic21 -- Deprecated.
- imidic7 -- Deprecated.
- in -- Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.
- in32 -- Reads a 32-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
- inch -- Reads from a numbered channel in an external audio signal or stream.
- inh -- Reads six-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
- init -- Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k- or a-rate variable.
- initc14 -- Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.
- initc21 -- Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.
- initc7 -- Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.
- ink -- Deprecated.
- ino -- Reads eight-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
- inq -- Reads quad audio data from an external device or stream.
- ins -- Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.
- instimek -- Deprecated.
- instimes -- Deprecated.
- instr -- Starts an instrument block.
- int -- Extracts an integer from a decimal number.
- integ -- Modify a signal by integration.
- interp -- Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.
- invalue -- Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.
- inx -- Reads a 16-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
- inz -- Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.
- ioff -- Deprecated.
- ion -- Deprecated.
- iondur -- Deprecated.
- iondur2 -- Deprecated.
- ioutat -- Deprecated.
- ioutc -- Deprecated.
- ioutc14 -- Deprecated.
- ioutpat -- Deprecated.
- ioutpb -- Deprecated.
- ioutpc -- Deprecated.
- ipcauchy -- Deprecated.
- ipoisson -- Deprecated.
- ipow -- Deprecated.
- is16b14 -- Deprecated.
- is32b14 -- Deprecated.
- islider16 -- Deprecated.
- islider32 -- Deprecated.
- islider64 -- Deprecated.
- islider8 -- Deprecated.
- itablecopy -- Deprecated.
- itablegpw -- Deprecated.
- itablemix -- Deprecated.
- itablew -- Deprecated.
- itrirand -- Deprecated.
- iunirand -- Deprecated.
- iweibull -- Deprecated.
- jitter -- Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.
- jitter2 -- Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.
- jspline -- A jitter-spline generator.
- kbetarand -- Deprecated.
- kbexprnd -- Deprecated.
- kcauchy -- Deprecated.
- kdump -- Deprecated.
- kdump2 -- Deprecated.
- kdump3 -- Deprecated.
- kdump4 -- Deprecated.
- kexprand -- Deprecated.
- kfilter2 -- Deprecated.
- kgauss -- Deprecated.
- kgoto -- Transfer control during the p-time passes.
- klinrand -- Deprecated.
- kon -- Deprecated.
- koutat -- Deprecated.
- koutc -- Deprecated.
- koutc14 -- Deprecated.
- koutpat -- Deprecated.
- koutpb -- Deprecated.
- koutpc -- Deprecated.
- kpcauchy -- Deprecated.
- kpoisson -- Deprecated.
- kpow -- Deprecated.
- kr -- Sets the control rate.
- kread -- Deprecated.
- kread2 -- Deprecated.
- kread3 -- Deprecated.
- kread4 -- Deprecated.
- ksmps -- Sets the number of samples in a control period.
- ktableseg -- Same as the tableseg opcode.
- ktrirand -- Deprecated.
- kunirand -- Deprecated.
- kweibull -- Deprecated.
- lfo -- A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.
- limit -- Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.
- line -- Trace a straight line between specified points.
- linen -- Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.
- linenr -- The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
- lineto -- Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
- linrand -- Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- linseg -- Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
- linsegr -- Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
- locsend -- Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.
- locsig -- Takes and input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.
- log -- Returns a natural log.
- log10 -- Returns a base 10 log.
- logbtwo -- Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.
- loopseg -- Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
- lorenz -- Implements the Lorenz system of equations.
- loscil -- Read sampled sound from a table.
- loscil3 -- Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation.
- lowpass2 -- A resonant lowpass filter.
- lowres -- Another resonant lowpass filter.
- lowresx -- Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.
- lpf18 -- A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.
- lpfreson -- Modifies the spectrum of an audio signal with time-varying filter coefficients from a control file and frequncy ratio.
- lphasor -- Generates a table index for sample playback
- lpinterp -- Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.
- lposcil -- Read sampled sound from a table with optional looping and high precision.
- lposcil3 -- Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.
- lpread -- Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.
- lpreson -- Modifies the spectrum of an audio signal with time-varying filter coefficients from a control file.
- lpshold -- Generate control signal consisting of held segments.
- lpslot -- Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.
- mac -- Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.
- maca -- Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.
- madsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
- mandol -- An emulation of a mandolin.
- marimba -- Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.
- massign -- Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.
- maxalloc -- Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.
- mclock -- Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.
- mdelay -- A MIDI delay opcode.
- midic14 -- Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midic21 -- Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midic7 -- Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
- midichannelaftertouch -- Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.
- midichn -- Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.
- midicontrolchange -- Gets a MIDI control change value.
- midictrl -- Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.
- mididefault -- Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.
- midiin -- Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.
- midinoteoff -- Gets a MIDI noteoff value.
- midinoteoncps -- Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.
- midinoteonkey -- Gets a MIDI note number value.
- midinoteonoct -- Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.
- midinoteonpch -- Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.
- midion -- Plays MIDI notes.
- midion2 -- Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.
- midiout -- Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
- midipitchbend -- Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
- midipolyaftertouch -- Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.
- midiprogramchange -- Gets a MIDI program change value.
- mirror -- Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
- moog -- An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
- moogvcf -- A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
- moscil -- Sends a stream of the MIDI notes.
- mpulse -- Generates a set of impulses.
- mrtmsg -- Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port.
- multitap -- Multitap delay line implementation.
- mute -- Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument.
- mxadsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism.
- nchnls -- Sets the number of channels of audio output.
- nestedap -- Three different nested all-pass filters.
- nlfilt -- A filter with a non-linear effect.
- noise -- A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter.
- noteoff -- Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port.
- noteon -- Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port.
- noteondur -- Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
- noteondur2 -- Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
- notnum -- Get a note number from a MIDI event.
- nreverb -- A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters.
- nrpn -- Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port.
- nsamp -- Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number.
- nstrnum -- Returns the number of a named instrument.
- ntrpol -- Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals.
- octave -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves.
- octcps -- Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal.
- octmidi -- Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event.
- octmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal.
- octpch -- Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal.
- opcode -- Defines the start of user-defined opcode block.
- oscbnk -- Mixes the output of any number of oscillators.
- oscil -- A simple oscillator.
- oscil1 -- Accesses table values by incremental sampling.
- oscil1i -- Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation.
- oscil3 -- A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation.
- oscili -- A simple oscillator with linear interpolation.
- oscilikt -- A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
- osciliktp -- A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation.
- oscilikts -- A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
- osciln -- Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency.
- oscils -- A simple, fast sine oscillator
- oscilx -- Same as the osciln opcode.
- out -- Writes mono audio data to an external device or stream.
- out32 -- Writes 32-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outc -- Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream.
- outch -- Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream.
- outh -- Writes 6-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outiat -- Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
- outic -- Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate.
- outic14 -- Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate.
- outipat -- Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
- outipb -- Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate.
- outipc -- Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate
- outk -- Deprecated.
- outkat -- Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
- outkc -- Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate.
- outkc14 -- Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate.
- outkpat -- Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
- outkpb -- Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate.
- outkpc -- Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate.
- outo -- Writes 8-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outq -- Writes 4-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outq1 -- Writes samples to quad channel 1 of an external device or stream.
- outq2 -- Writes samples to quad channel 2 of an external device or stream.
- outq3 -- Writes samples to quad channel 3 of an external device or stream.
- outq4 -- Writes samples to quad channel 4 of an external device or stream.
- outs -- Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream.
- outs1 -- Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream.
- outs2 -- Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream.
- outvalue -- Sends a k-rate signal to a user-defined channel.
- outx -- Writes 16-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
- outz -- Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream.
- p -- Show the value in a given p-field.
- pan -- Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.
- pareq -- Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters.
- pcauchy -- Cauchy distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- pchbend -- Get the current pitch-bend value for this channel.
- pchmidi -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in pitch-class units.
- pchmidib -- Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in pitch-class units.
- pchoct -- Converts an octave-point-decimal value to pitch-class.
- peak -- Maintains the output equal to the highest absolute value received.
- peakk -- Deprecated.
- pgmassign -- Assigns an instrument number to a specified MIDI program.
- phaser1 -- First-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
- phaser2 -- Second-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
- phasor -- Produce a normalized moving phase value.
- phasorbnk -- Produce an arbitrary number of normalized moving phase values.
- pinkish -- Generates approximate pink noise.
- pitch -- Tracks the pitch of a signal.
- pitchamdf -- Follows the pitch of a signal based on the AMDF method.
- planet -- Simulates a planet orbiting in a binary star system.
- pluck -- Produces a naturally decaying plucked string or drum sound.
- poisson -- Poisson distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- polyaft --
Returns the polyphonic after-touch pressure of the selected note number.
- port -- Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
- portk -- Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
- poscil -- High precision oscillator.
- poscil3 -- High precision oscillator with cubic interpolation.
- pow -- Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
- powoftwo -- Performs a power-of-two calculation.
- prealloc -- Creates space for instruments but does not run them.
- print -- Displays the values init, control, or audio signals.
- printk -- Prints one k-rate value at specified intervals.
- printk2 -- Prints a new value every time a control variable changes.
- printks -- Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax.
- prints -- Prints at init-time using a printf() style syntax.
- product -- Multiplies any number of a-rate signals.
- pset -- Defines and initializes numeric arrays at orchestra load time.
- pvadd -- Reads from a pvoc file and uses the data to perform additive synthesis.
- pvbufread -- Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and makes the retrieved data available.
- pvcross -- Applies the amplitudes from one phase vocoder analysis file to the data from a second file.
- pvinterp -- Interpolates between the amplitudes and frequencies of two phase vocoder analysis files.
- pvoc -- Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder.
- pvread -- Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and returns the frequency and amplitude from a single analysis channel or bin.
- pvsadsyn -- Resynthesize using a fast oscillator-bank.
- pvsanal -- Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase vocoder overlap-add analysis.
- pvscross -- Performs cross-synthesis between two source fsigs.
- pvsfread -- Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file.
- pvsftr -- Reads amplitude and/or frequency data from function tables.
- pvsftw -- Writes amplitude and/or frequency data to function tables.
- pvsinfo -- Get information from a PVOC-EX formatted source.
- pvsmaska -- Modify amplitudes using a function table, with dynamic scaling.
- pvsynth -- Resynthesise using a FFT overlap-add.
- rand -- Generates a controlled random number series.
- randh -- Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
- randi -- Generates a controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
- random -- Generates is a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values.
- randomh -- Generates random numbers with a user-defined limit and holds them for a period of time.
- randomi -- Generates a user-controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
- readclock -- Reads the value of an internal clock.
- readk -- Periodically reads an orchestra control-signal value from an external file.
- readk2 -- Periodically reads two orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- readk3 -- Periodically reads three orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- readk4 -- Periodically reads four orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
- reinit -- Suspends a performance while a special initialization pass is executed.
- release -- Indicates whether a note is in its "release" stage.
- repluck -- Physical model of the plucked string.
- reson -- A second-order resonant filter.
- resonk -- A second-order resonant filter.
- resonr -- A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
- resonx -- Emulates a stack of filters using the reson opcode.
- resony -- A bank of second-order bandpass filters, connected in parallel.
- resonz -- A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
- reverb -- Reverberates an input signal with a "natural room" frequency response.
- reverb2 -- Same as the nreverb opcode.
- rezzy -- A resonant low-pass filter.
- rigoto -- Transfers control during a reinit pass.
- rireturn -- Terminates a reinit pass.
- rms -- Determines the root-mean-square amplitude of an audio signal.
- rnd -- Returns a random number in a unipolar range.
- rnd31 -- 31-bit bipolar random opcodes with controllable distribution.
- rspline -- Generate random spline curves.
- rtclock -- Read the real time clock from the operating system.
- s16b14 -- Creates a bank of 16 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
- s32b14 -- Creates a bank of 32 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
- samphold -- Performs a sample-and-hold operation on its input.
- sandpaper -- Semi-physical model of a sandpaper sound.
- scanhammer -- Copies from one table to another with a gain control.
- scans -- Generate audio output using scanned synthesis.
- scantable -- A simpler scanned synthesis implementation.
- scanu -- Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
- schedkwhen -- Adds a new score event generated by a k-rate trigger.
- schedkwhennamed -- Similar to schedkwhen but uses a named instrument at init-time.
- schedule -- Adds a new score event.
- schedwhen -- Adds a new score event.
- seed -- Sets the global seed value.
- sekere -- Semi-physical model of a sekere sound.
- semitone -- Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of semitones.
- sense -- Same as the sensekey opcode.
- sensekey -- Returns the ASCII code of a key that has been pressed.
- seqtime -- Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
- setctrl -- Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
- setksmps -- Sets the local ksmps value in a user-defined opcode block.
- sfilist -- Prints a list of all instruments of a previously loaded SoundFont2 (SF2) file.
- sfinstr -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound.
- sfinstr3 -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfinstr3m -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfinstrm -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound.
- sfload -- Loads an entire SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file into memory.
- sfpassign -- Assigns all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to a sequence of progressive index numbers.
- sfplay -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound.
- sfplay3 -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfplay3m -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
- sfplaym -- Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound.
- sfplist -- Prints a list of all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file.
- sfpreset -- Assigns an existing preset of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to an index number.
- shaker -- Sounds like the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument.
- sin -- Performs a sine function.
- sinh -- Performs a hyperbolic sine function.
- sininv -- Performs an arcsine function.
- sleighbells -- Semi-physical model of a sleighbell sound.
- slider16 -- Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider16f -- Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider32 -- Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider32f -- Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider64 -- Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider64f -- Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- slider8 -- Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers.
- slider8f -- Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
- sndwarp -- Reads a mono sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
- sndwarpst -- Reads a stereo sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
- soundin -- Reads audio data from an external device or stream.
- soundout -- Writes audio output to a disk file.
- space -- Distributes an input signal among 4 channels using cartesian coordinates.
- spat3d -- Positions the input sound in a 3D space and allows moving the sound at k-rate.
- spat3di -- Positions the input sound in a 3D space with the sound source position set at i-time.
- spat3dt -- Can be used to render an impulse response for a 3D space at i-time.
- spdist -- Calculates distance values from xy coordinates.
- specaddm -- Perform a weighted add of two input spectra.
- specdiff -- Finds the positive difference values between consecutive spectral frames.
- specdisp -- Displays the magnitude values of the spectrum.
- specfilt -- Filters each channel of an input spectrum.
- spechist -- Accumulates the values of successive spectral frames.
- specptrk -- Estimates the pitch of the most prominent complex tone in the spectrum.
- specscal -- Scales an input spectral datablock with spectral envelopes.
- specsum -- Sums the magnitudes across all channels of the spectrum.
- spectrum -- Generate a constant-Q, exponentially-spaced DFT.
- spsend -- Generates output signals based on a previously defined space opcode.
- sqrt -- Returns a square root value.
- sr -- Sets the audio sampling rate.
- stix -- Semi-physical model of a stick sound.
- streson -- A string resonator with variable fundamental frequency.
- strset -- Allows a string to be linked with a numeric value.
- subinstr -- Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance.
- subinstrinit -- Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance at init-time.
- sum -- Sums any number of a-rate signals.
- svfilter -- A resonant second order filter, with simultaneous lowpass, highpass and bandpass outputs.
- table -- Accesses table values by direct indexing.
- table3 -- Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation.
- tablecopy -- Simple, fast table copy opcode.
- tablegpw -- Writes a table's guard point.
- tablei -- Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation.
- tableicopy -- Simple, fast table copy opcode.
- tableigpw -- Writes a table's guard point.
- tableikt -- Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
- tableimix -- Mixes two tables.
- tableiw -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablekt -- Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
- tablemix -- Mixes two tables.
- tableng -- Interrogates a function table for length.
- tablera -- Reads tables in sequential locations.
- tableseg -- Creates a new function table by making linear segments between values in stored function tables.
- tablew -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablewa -- Writes tables in sequential locations.
- tablewkt -- Change the contents of existing function tables.
- tablexkt -- Reads function tables with linear, cubic, or sinc interpolation.
- tablexseg -- Creates a new function table by making exponential segments between values in stored function tables.
- tambourine -- Semi-physical model of a tambourine sound.
- tan -- Performs a tangent function.
- tanh -- Performs a hyperbolic tangent function.
- taninv -- Performs an arctangent function.
- taninv2 -- Returns an arctangent.
- tbvcf -- Models some of the filter characteristics of a Roland TB303 voltage-controlled filter.
- tempest -- Estimate the tempo of beat patterns in a control signal.
- tempo -- Apply tempo control to an uninterpreted score.
- tempoval -- Reads the current value of the tempo.
- tigoto -- Transfer control at i-time when a new note is being tied onto a previously held note
- timeinstk -- Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
- timeinsts -- Read absolute time in seconds.
- timek -- Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
- times -- Read absolute time in seconds.
- timout -- Conditional branch during p-time depending on elapsed note time.
- tival -- Puts the value of the instrument's internal "tie-in" flag into the named i-rate variable.
- tlineto -- Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
- tone -- A first-order recursive low-pass with variable frequency response.
- tonek -- A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
- tonex -- Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
- transeg -- Constructs a user-definable envelope.
- trigger -- Informs when a krate signal crosses a threshold.
- trigseq -- Accepts a trigger signal as input and outputs a group of values.
- trirand -- Linear distribution random number generator.
- turnoff -- Enables an instrument to turn itself off.
- turnon -- Activate an instrument for an indefinite time.
- unirand -- Uniform distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- upsamp -- Modify a signal by up-sampling.
- urd -- A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
- valpass -- Variably reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
- vbap16 -- Distributes an audio signal among 16 channels.
- vbap16move -- Distribute an audio signal among 16 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbap4 -- Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels.
- vbap4move -- Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbap8 -- Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
- vbap8move -- Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels with moving virtual sources.
- vbaplsinit -- Configures VBAP output according to loudspeaker parameters.
- vbapz -- Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array.
- vbapzmove -- Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array with moving virtual sources.
- vco -- Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
- vco2 -- Implementation of a band-limited oscillator using pre-calculated tables.
- vco2ft -- Returns a table number at k-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
- vco2ift -- Returns a table number at i-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
- vco2init -- Calculates tables for use by vco2 opcode.
- vcomb -- Variably reverberates an input signal with a "colored" frequency response.
- vdelay -- An interpolating variable time delay.
- vdelay3 -- An variable time delay with cubic interpolation.
- vdelayx -- A variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxq -- A 4-channel variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxs -- A stereo variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxw -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxwq -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- vdelayxws -- Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
- veloc -- Get the velocity from a MIDI event.
- vibes -- Physical model related to the striking of a metal block.
- vibr -- Easier-to-use user-controllable vibrato.
- vibrato -- Generates a natural-sounding user-controllable vibrato.
- vincr -- Accumulates audio signals.
- vlowres -- A bank of filters in which the cutoff frequency can be separated under user control.
- voice -- An emulation of a human voice.
- vpvoc -- Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder and an extra envelope.
- waveset -- A simple time stretch by repeating cycles.
- weibull -- Weibull distribution random number generator (positive values only).
- wgbow -- Creates a tone similar to a bowed string.
- wgbowedbar -- A physical model of a bowed bar.
- wgbrass -- Creates a tone related to a brass instrument.
- wgclar -- Creates a tone similar to a clarinet.
- wgflute -- Creates a tone similar to a flute.
- wgpluck -- A high fidelity simulation of a plucked string.
- wgpluck2 -- Physical model of the plucked string.
- wguide1 -- A simple waveguide model consisting of one delay-line and one first-order lowpass filter.
- wguide2 -- A model of beaten plate consisting of two parallel delay-lines and two first-order lowpass filters.
- wrap -- Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
- wterrain -- A simple wave-terrain synthesis opcode.
- xadsr -- Calculates the classical ADSR envelope.
- xin -- Passes variables from a user-defined opcode block,
- xout -- Retrieves variables from a user-defined opcode block,
- xscanmap -- Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
- xscansmap -- Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
- xscans -- Fast scanned synthesis waveform and the wavetable generator.
- xscanu -- Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
- xtratim -- Extend the duration of real-time generated events.
- xyin -- Sense the cursor position in an output window
- zacl -- Clears one or more variables in the za space.
- zakinit -- Establishes zak space.
- zamod -- Modulates one a-rate signal by a second one.
- zar -- Reads from a location in za space at a-rate.
- zarg -- Reads from a location in za space at a-rate, adds some gain.
- zaw -- Writes to a za variable at a-rate without mixing.
- zawm -- Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
- zfilter2 -- Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with radial pole-shearing and angular pole-warping.
- zir -- Reads from a location in zk space at i-rate.
- ziw -- Writes to a zk variable at i-rate without mixing.
- ziwm -- Writes to a zk variable to an i-rate variable with mixing.
- zkcl -- Clears one or more variables in the zk space.
- zkmod -- Facilitates the modulation of one signal by another.
- zkr -- Reads from a location in zk space at k-rate.
- zkw -- Writes to a zk variable at k-rate without mixing.
- zkwm -- Writes to a zk variable at k-rate with mixing.